In every language, there are certain words that encapsulate deep cultural values and embody the essence of a society. In the Korean language, one such word is “위하다”. “위하다” is translated to “for the benefit of” or “for the sake of”.
In this blog post, we will explore the rich and nuanced concept of 위하다 and its significance in Korean society. From its origins to its practical usage, we will delve into the cultural context and explore the broader implications of this word in interpersonal relationships, ethics, and social harmony.
Origins of “위하다”
The word “위하다” in Korean is composed of two parts: “위” and “하다”. To understand its origins and etymology, we need to explore the meanings and historical context of these components.
위
The term “위” carries the concept of being “above” or “high.” It represents a position or status that is elevated, superior, or honourable. In Confucian philosophy, “위” is associated with moral virtue, righteousness, and ethical conduct. It encompasses the idea of acting in a way that is above self-interest and for the greater good.
하다
The verb “하다” translates to “to do” or “to make” in English. It is a versatile verb used to indicate action, and when combined with another word, it forms compound verbs that convey specific meanings. In the case of “위하다,” “하다” signifies the act of doing something or taking action.
Combining these two elements, “위하다” implies the act of doing something that is above or for the sake of others. It encompasses the notion of selflessness, altruism, and acting in the interest of someone or something beyond oneself.
Conjugation
You know by now that all verbs need to be conjugated. Ton conjugate 위하다, we follow the standard rules.
- Take the verb 위하다
- Drop 다 i.e. 위하
- Make it into a present tense i.e. 위해
FUN FACTS
- In the old days, 위하다 would be conjugated to 위하여. These days no one conjugates it like that, but “위하여” is oftentimes used when making a toast.
- There is also a really famous ballad song called “너를 위해” by 임재범 (“For you” by Im Jae Beom).
Structure
NOUN + 을/를 위해(서)
The structure “NOUN + 을/를 위해” is commonly used in the Korean language to express the purpose or intention behind an action. It indicates that the action is performed for the sake of or in consideration of a specific noun or entity.
Noun
The noun preceding “을/를 위해” represents the beneficiary or the entity for whom the action is being carried out. It can be a person, a group of people, an organization, or even an abstract concept.
를/을
The particles “을” or “를” are object markers in Korean grammar. They mark the preceding noun as the direct object of the action being performed. The choice between “을” or “를” depends on the final consonant of the preceding noun. If the noun ends in a vowel, we add 를 and if it ends with a consonant, we add 을.
위해
“위해” is a noun form derived from the verb “위하다”, which means “to do something for the sake of” or “to act in consideration of.” In this structure, “위해” represents the purpose, goal, or intention behind the action being performed.
When combined, “NOUN + 을/를 위해” forms a phrase that denotes an action taken with the specific purpose or intention of benefiting or addressing the needs of the mentioned noun.
For example:
- 친구를 위해 선물을 사줬어요. – I bought a gift for my friend.
- 건강을 위해 운동을 해요. – I exercise for the sake of my health.
- 가족들을 위해 저축하고 있어요. – I am saving money for the sake of my family.
This structure highlights the motivation and purpose behind the action, emphasizing the consideration and concern for the mentioned noun. It reflects a selfless intention of acting in favour of the beneficiary, whether it is an individual, a group, or a concept.
Difference between 위해 and 위해서
There is no difference between 위해 and 위해서. They can be used interchangeably. 위해 is a contracted form of 위해서. As Koreans like to do everything 빨리빨리 (quickly quickly), they often shorten the words. It is the same principle as the word what is up (what’s up).
Verb + 위해(서)
We can also use 위해(서) with a verb. In order to do so, we need to conjugate the verb into a noun. If you want to recap, this posts explains different ways to make verbs into nouns.
VERB STEM + 기 + 위해(서)
- Take a verb i.e. 살다
- Drop 다 i.e. 살
- Add 기 i.e. 살기
- Add 위해(서) i.e. 살기 위해(서)
Examples
- 보다 –> 보 + 기 위해(서) –> 보기 위해(서) (in order to see)
- 먹다 –> 먹 + 기 위해(서) –> 먹기 위해(서) (in order to eat)
- 가다 –> 가 + 기 위해(서) –> 가기 위해(서) (in order to go)
- 공부하다 –> 공부하 + 기 위해(서) –> 공부하기 위해(서) (in order to study)
- 생각하다 –> 생각하 + 기 위해(서) –> 생각하기 위해(서) (in order to think)
Sample sentences
- 김치찌개 만들기 위해서 김치를 필요해요. – In order to make Kimchi stew, I need Kimchi.
- 이해하기 위해서 설명을 잘 해야 돼요. – In order for me to understand, you have to explain it well.
- 한국 가기 위해서 한국어 배워야 돼요. – In order to go to Korea, I need to learn Korean.
- 공부를 열심히 하기 위해서, 밤 늦게까지 도서관에 있었어요. – In order to study diligently, I was in the library till late.
- 새로운 경험을 얻기 위해서 여행을 떠났어요. – I went on a trip to gain new experience.